THE STORY OF THE ICY PARADISE: POLISH MIGRATION TO NORWAY AFTER THE EU ENLARGEMENT (2004) IN THE LIGHT OF RESEARCH AND STATISTICAL DATA

Katarzyna Gmaj; Krystyna Iglicka

doi:10.12955/cbup.v6.1149

Katarzyna Gmaj Lazarski University
Krystyna Iglicka Lazarski University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v6.1149

Keywords: migration, Norway, Poland, family, labour markets, economic crisis, migrant networks

Abstract

This paper highlights basic trends in migration outflows of Poles to Norway. It focuses on the fact that Polish migrants constitute the biggest group of immigrants in Norway and addresses the question regarding their geographical distribution. The authors analyse some theoretical approaches, statistical data and trends with special emphasis on the demographics of the Polish population in Norway in relation to the labour market and family behaviours. Furthermore, the analysis presented in this paper emphasizes that, along with the networks and growing number of children, a part of the temporary Polish migration into Norway has been transformed from circular migration into permanent migration. Therefore, adaptation of Polish migrants in Norway is better explained in terms of different stages in the migratory process rather than in terms of different categories of migrants. What is more, the process of pioneering male migration followed by a family reunification seems similar to that observed in Polish migration to the UK.

References

Åström, J., & Westerlund. O. (2009). Sex and Migration: Who is the Tied Mover? Umeå Economic Studies No. 787, 1-25.

Castles, S., Haas, H. D., & Miller, M. J. (2014). The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Cohen, R., & Vertovec, S. (1999). Introduction. In S. Vertovec & R. Cohen (Eds), Migration, diasporas and Transnationalism (pp. 13-28). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar

Cooke, T. J. (2013). All tied up: Tied staying and tied migration within the United States, 1997 to 2007. Demographic Research,29, 817-836. doi:10.4054/demres.2013.29.30

DaVanzo, J. (1981). Repeat migration, information costs, and location-specific capital. Population and Environment, 4(1), 45-73. doi:10.1007/bf01362575

Faist, T. (2002). The volume and dynamics of international migration and transnational social spaces. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Friberg, J. H. (2012a). Culture at work: Polish migrants in the ethnic division of labour on Norwegian construction sites. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(11), 1914-33. doi:10.1080/01419870.2011.605456

Friberg, J. H. (2012b). The ‘Guest-Worker Syndrome’ Revisited? Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 2(4), 316–324. doi:10.2478/v10202-012-0002-z

Friberg, J.H., Tronstad, Rose K., & Dølvik, J.E. (2012). Central and Eastern European labour migration to Norway: Trends, conditions and challenges. In Free movement of workers and labour market adjustment: Recent experiences from OECD countries and the European Union (pp. 147-172). Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:doi.org/10.1787/9789264177185-en.

Gmaj, K. (2016). Settling in Norway? The case of Polish migrants and their families, Myśl Ekonomiczna i Polityczna, 2 (53), 163-191.

Gmaj, K. (2018). „Oswajanie” Norwegii – Wzory osiedleńcze polskich migrantów w Norwegii, Studia Migracyjne-Przegląd Polonijny, 1/2018, 163-191.

Iglicka, K. (2008). Kontrasty migracyjne Polski. Wymiar transatlantycki. Warszawa: Scholar.

Iglicka, K. (2010). Powroty Polaków po 2004 roku. W pętli pułapki migracji. Warszawa: Scholar.

Iglicka, K., Gmaj, K., Wierzejski, A. (2016). The Poles in Norway – we wanted workers but people arrived. Myśl Ekonomiczna i Polityczna. 1 (52): 116-138

Iglicka K., Gmaj K., Wierzejski A. (2018.) Contextualizing Polish Migration to Norway in the light of theory, statistical data and research findings. In K. Slany, P. Pustulka,E. Guribye, M. Ślusarczyk (Eds), Transnational Polish families in Norway: Social capital, integration, institutions and care. Frankfurt am Main: New York: Peter Lang.

Mincer, J. (1978). Family Migration Decisions. Journal of Political Economy, 86(5), 749-773. doi:10.1086/260710

Polachek, S., & Horvath, F. (1977). A life cycle approach to migration: analysis of the perspicacious peregrinator. In R. Ehrenberg (ed). Research in labor economics. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Portes, A., Guarnizo, L. E., & Landolt, P. (1999). The study of transnationalism: Pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22(2), 217-237. doi:10.1080/014198799329468

Sassen, S. (2005). The global city: introducing a concept. Brown Journal of World Affairs, 11(2), 27-43.

Sjaastad, L. A. (1962). The Costs and Returns of Human Migration. Journal of Political Economy, 70(5, Part 2), 80-93. doi:10.1086/258726

Thorud, E. (2014). International Migration 2013–2014. IMO report for Norway. Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, Norwegian Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion, Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security, Norwegian Ministry of Labourhttps://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/documents/norway---imo-report-2013-2014-final.pdf. Date of access 15.03.2018

Thorud, E. (2018). Immigration and Integration 2016–2017. Report for Norway. Oslo: Ministry of Justice and Public Security, Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Ministry of Children and Equality, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/005e1d69ad5141958451b8770552dab9/immigration-and-integration-20162017.pdf. Date of access 15.03.2018

White, A. (2011). Polish families and migration since EU accession. Bristol: Policy Press.

Home. (n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2018, from https://www.ssb.no/en/